CATTLE 233 



The Sussex cattle are an English breed and are scarcely 

 known in the United States. They are almost as large as the 

 Herefords and much resemble them, except that they do not 

 have white faces. The color is solid red. They were formerly 

 raised in England to be used as oxen. 



The Longhorn breed is also an English breed, of which there 

 are now but few left. It resembles the Shorthorn except in 

 its extremely long horns. Robert Bake well was one of the 

 most famous breeders in England in his time, and he used the 

 Longhorns in showing what could be accomplished by scien- 

 tific methods. 



Dairy Breeds. — The true dairy breeds are valuable mainly 

 for their milk producing qualities. They are poor beef pro- 

 ducers both in quality and quantity. The dairy type is en- 

 tirely different from the beef type. The quarters are thin and 

 muscular, not fleshy. The neck of the. cow is thin and lean, 

 but that of the bull is quite thick and strong. The barrel is 

 large. This indicates an ability to handle large quantities of 

 food, which is necessary for the production of large amounts 

 of milk. The ribs are wide apart and less curved at the 

 upper part than in beef breeds. The hips are quite promi- 

 nent and angular. The legs are straight and placed well apart, 

 especially the hind ones. The tail is long with a large switch. 

 The skin of a good dairy animal is soft, a rich, waxy yellow 

 in color, and covered with soft, short hair. The udder should 

 be large, squarely set, and the quarters of about equal size. 

 The teats are well placed and large enough to be easily handled 

 in milking. The udder should extend high up behind and 

 should be covered with soft fine hair. The milk veins, which 

 convey blood through the udder toward the heart, show on 

 the under side of the abdomen, and their size is an indication 



