18 ELEMENTARY AGRICULTURE 



one hit upon the idea of tying a cow to anything he 

 wished to have moved. 



The First Plow. After the yoke was invented, 

 some clever person made a rude plow of sharp sticks 

 tied with thongs, and agriculture took a long step 

 forward, because this enabled the farmer to use 

 animal power to till the soil, instead of doing it all 

 by hand. 



• Two Kinds of Cattle. Cattle were early brought 

 to America from Europe. Men began to want two 

 kinds of cattle, one for milk and butter and the 

 other for beef. They found that a good milch cow 

 is not very good for beef, for her food all goes to 

 milk; while a fat cow will not give much milk, as 

 her food makes flesh or muscle. By carefully select- 

 ing the good milkers for mothers, farmers have 

 developed a fine dairy animal, such as the Jersey, 

 the Guernsey, or the Hoi stein. 



Beef Cattle. Other cattle raisers have bred from 

 the large, heavy animals and have herds of fine beef 

 cattle, such as the Shorthorns (Figs. 9 and 17), Here- 

 fords, or Galloways (Fig. 10). The beef cow is 

 square, with all bones well covered wdth flesh. Her 

 back is straight and her legs full and thick. The 

 neck is full and stocky, the legs short and set far 

 apart to support the large, heavy body. The more 

 meat these animals can make from a given amount 

 of food, the more profitable they are. 



Their Care and Feed. Beef cattle need different 

 food and care from the dairy animals. The beef 



