LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix 



FIG. PAGE 



65. In a Turpentine Orchard 175 



66. Game 181 



67. Tapping the Sugar Maple 185 



68. Old-Fash ioned Way of boiling Maple Sap 187 



69. Black Locust Plantation, Meade County, Kansas 196 



70. The Yaggy Catalpa Plantation, in Reno County, Kansas . . . 197 



71. Sand Dune along the Coast 199 



7 '2. Sand Dune in Holland, after Reclamation 200 



73. How the Forest regulates Erosion 205 



74. How the Land erodes after the Woods are gone 207 



75. General Forest Map of the United States 211 



76. Cross Section of Oak (upper), Ring-Porous AVood ; Hard Pine 



(lower), Non- Porous Wood 219 



77. Diffuse Porous Woods 220 



78. Non-Porous Woods 220 



79. W'ood of Spruce 221 



80. Spiral Grain 222 



81. Shortleaf Pine 222 



82. Alternating Spiral Grain in Cypress 223 



83. A Bird's-eye Board 224 



84. Wavy Grain in Beech 225 



85. Section of Knot 225 



86. Effects of Shrinkage 229 



87. " Shelf " Fungus on the Stem of a Pine 231 



88. Fungus Threads in Pine W T ood 231 



89. Conifers with Leaves in Bundles 241 



90. Conifers with Leaves not in Bundles 242 



91. The Cedars 243 



92. Broad-Leaved Trees with Simple, Alternate, Tooth-Edged Leaves 245 



93. Broad-Leaved Trees with Simple, Alternate, Tooth-Edged Leaves 247 



94. Broad-Leaved Trees with Simple, Alternate, but Lobed Leaves . 249 



95. Broad-Leaved Trees with Simple, Alternate, but Lobed Leaves . 251 



96. Leaves Simple, Alternate, but with Entire Edge, and Trees with 



Opposite Leaves 252 



97. Compound Leaves, but Alternate 253 



98. Compound Leaves, Opposite 255 



