156 FIRST BOOK OF FORESTRY 



is cut into a greater variety of sizes, odd lengths and odd 

 widths not being uncommon. Though smaller and more 

 knotty than pine, spruce also furnishes a common building 

 material, and is used in large quantities and for almost 

 everything from shingle to sill. 



Red jir, Oregon fir, and Oregon pine are three names 

 for the same tree and the same kind of lumber. Red-fir 

 lumber is cut in largest quantities in Oregon and Wash- 

 ington, but considerable quantities are also manufactured 

 in California and the Rocky Mountain countries. It 

 resembles hard-pine lumber in appearance, quality, and 

 uses, but since the trees of Oregon and Washington grow 

 to very large sizes, two hundred feet or over in height 

 and three to six feet in diameter, perfectly clear pieces of 

 unusual size are obtained, and it is this great perfection 

 of red fir which permits its export to distant countries, 

 Japan, China, Siberia, Australia, etc. 



Redwood is a product of California and is cut from 

 large trees of the cedar family. It is a dark, brownish- 

 red, soft, and light material of great durability and there- 

 fore of an unusual range of usefulness. It is the common 

 lumber of parts of California, and considerable quantities 

 are exported, especially in the form of sawed shingles. 



Cypress is a tree of the southern swamps and has of 

 late years become one of the important lumber trees of 

 our country. Cypress is often logged with special machin- 

 ery; it is cut mostly into boards, planks, and shingles, 



