158 FIEST BOOK OF FOEESTEY 



and has become a strong rival of white pine. Louisiana, 

 Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas all share in 

 the manufacture of cypress. 



Hemlock is a much despised and very much underrated 

 material, which, in spite of its bad name, is one of our 

 most useful building materials. Though apt to be a little 

 shaky and somewhat prone to warp and sliver, hemlock 

 is used everywhere in the East for studding, joists, and 

 sheathing in frame houses, for sidewalks, fences, and boxes ; 

 and of late years entire houses, shingles, laths, and all, have 

 been built of this Cinderella among our conifers. 



A large proportion of pine and other coniferous lumber 

 is manufactured into finished flooring, siding, ceiling, etc., 

 by the planing mills which are to be found in connection 

 with most of our larger modern sawmills. 



Hardwood lumber is usually cut into planks, one to 

 three inches thick, or else into timber for particular pur- 

 poses, such as bridge and car timber, wagon axles, etc. 

 It is commonly sold in the rough, i.e., it is not planed 

 and otherwise finished like pine lumber, though of late 

 maple, birch, oak, and yellow poplar are offered quite 

 extensively in the forms of flooring, ceiling, siding, and 

 other finished products. 



If we look about us to see where most of our lumber 

 goes, and what it is used for, we find that the great mass 

 of pine and other coniferous lumber is used in building 

 houses of all kinds. The carpenter is greatly assisted in 



