HOW TO DISTINGUISH TREES 257 



For poplar the bark is too dark, the twigs too dark and 

 tough ; so it must be either cherry or elm. Let us cut 

 into the bark and taste its inner part. Evidently it has 

 no cherry-seed taste, and moreover the bark is not scaly. 

 Hence we conclude it to be an elm. 



It is late in the fall, the leaves are largely shed, but 

 there is no snow on the ground. Here is a rough-barked 

 tree, and we would like to know its name. 



There are a few small bean pods clinging to some of 

 its twigs, the tree is not thorny, and on the ground we 

 find some compound leaves. Looking over our Key, we 

 note that we have only two kinds of trees with bean-pod- 

 like fruits, the catalpa and the locusts. 



Having evidently had compound leaves, we decide it 

 to be a locust, and since the pods are small and the 

 tree is not beset with large thorns, it must be a black 

 locust. 



Here is a cone-bearing tree. The needle-shaped leaves 

 are in bundles, five leaves in one sheath. From our Key 

 we see that this evergreen is evidently a pine, and that it 

 belongs to the white pines. 



Here is a small evergreen with scalelike leaves ; the 

 bark is " stringy," but there is no fruit either on or under 

 the tree. Let us cut off one of the larger limbs; the 

 wood is reddish in the inner or heartwood portion. Going 

 over our Key, we place it at once among the cedars ; and, 

 finding a red heartwood in this small gnarly tree, we 



