APPENDIX III 273 



large-sized trees, of fairly rapid growth, with stout trunk, form no 

 forests of pure growth, but are found scattered in all the broad-leaved 

 woods of our country, sometimes forming a considerable portion of the 

 arboreal growth. 



1. WHITE ELM (Ulmus americana) (American elm, waterelm) : Medium- 



to large-sized tree, common. Maine to Minnesota and southward 

 to Florida and Texas. 



2. ROCK ELM (Ulmus racemose?) (cork elm, hickory elm, white elm, cliff 



elm) : Medium- to large-sized tree. Michigan, Ohio, from Ver- 

 mont to Iowa and southward to Kentucky. 



3. RED ELM (Ulmus fulva) (slippery elm, moose elm) : Small -sized tree, 



found chiefly along water courses. New York to Minnesota and 

 southward to Florida and Texas. 



4. CEDAR ELM (Ulmus crassifolia) : Small-sized tree, quite common. 



Arkansas and Texas. 



5. WINGED ELM (Ulmus alata) (wahoo) : Small-sized tree, locally quite 



common. Arkansas, Missouri, and eastward to Virginia. 

 GUM. This general term refers to two kinds of wood usually distinguished 

 as sweet or red gum, and sour, black, or tupelo gum, the former being 

 a relative of the witch-hazel, the latter belonging to the dogwood 

 family. 



1. TUPELO (Nyssa sylvatica} (sour gum, black gum) : Wood heavy, hard, 



strong, tough, of fine texture, frequently crossgrained, of yellowish 

 or grayish white color, hard to split and work, troublesome in 

 seasoning, warps and checks considerably, and is not durable if 

 exposed ; used for wagon hubs, wooden ware, handles, wooden 

 shoes, etc. Medium- to large-sized trees, with straight, clear 

 trunks ; locally quite abundant, but never forming forests of pure 

 growth. Maine to Michigan and southward to Florida and 

 Texas. 



2. TUPELO GUM (Nyssa aquatica) (cotton gum) : Lower Mississippi 



basin, northward to Illinois and eastward to Virginia, otherwise 

 like preceding species. 



3. SWEET GUM (Liquidambar styraciflua) (red gum, liquidambar, bilsted) : 



Wood of medium weight, rather soft, quite stiff and strong, tough, 



