286 



FIRST BOOK OF FORESTRY 



Hackberry, 274. 



Hardwoods, in ordinary wildwoods, 

 1 ; require a loam or clay soil, 18 ; 

 require a milder climate, 35 ; do 

 not endure high altitudes, 38 ; in 

 coppice, 46 ; in timber forest, 53 ; 

 yield less log material than coni- 

 fers, 64; seeds, 79; in nursery, 80; 

 seedlings, 85 ; sowing in forest, 

 92; more resistant to fire, 112; 

 hardwood lumber, 158; hardwood 

 forests of the United States, 210 ; 

 how to distinguish different 

 kinds, 246 ; the wood and its 

 use, the different kinds and their 

 distribution, 268. 



Heartwood, see Wood, 217. 



Heat and cold, see Temperature, 32. 



Hemlock, how to distinguish the 

 tree, 242 ; its wood, the different 

 kinds and their distribution, 263. 



Hickory, how to distinguish, 254; 

 the wood, different kinds and 

 where found, 274. 



History, a few notes on the history 

 of forestry, 214 ; ancients appre- 

 ciated forests, 214 ; old forests in 

 Switzerland, 21 5 ; bad effects of 

 deforestation in France, 216 ; Teu- 

 tonic nations early lovers of the 

 forests, forests of Germany, 216. 



Holly, 275. 



Ice, injurious to trees, protection 

 against, 112. 



Insects, injurious and helpful to for- 

 est, 115 ; damage in the past, 116 ; 



how they accomplish great dam- 

 age, 117 ; different kinds of injury 

 by insects, 118 ; the bark beetle 

 and his work, 120 ; how to ward 

 off and fight the bark beetle, 121 ; 

 "trap trees," 122 ; moths and their 

 larvse, 124; what caterpillars do, 

 126; protection against cater- 

 pillars, 126 ; enemies of the inju- 

 rious insects, 1 28 ; the ichneumon 

 fly and its work, 129 ; diseases help 

 out in most insect calamities, 129. 



Intolerant trees, 4. 



Iron and wood compared, 232. 



Key to our common trees, 240 ; how 

 to use the Key, 256. 



Knots, in trees, 9 ; in timber, struc- 

 ture of, 226. 



Larch or tamarack, how to tell it, 

 240 ; its wood, different kinds 

 and where they grow, 264. 



Leaders of pine, etc., growth of, 18. 



Leaf beetle, see Insects, 119. 



Light and shade, 14; too much light 

 encourages weeds and shrubs, 15 ; 

 struggle for light, 16 ; a lack of 

 light stunts but also cleans trees 

 of limbs, 16. 



Limbs, how shed ; leading to knot 

 holes and decay, 9. 



List of important woods and trees 

 in the United States, 261. 



Lumber, 150; general term, 150; 

 sizes and measurement, 150 ; rift 

 and bastard, 151-153; grading 



