290 



FIRST BOOK OF FORESTRY 



Tan bark, coppice for, 50 ; how got 

 out, 173. 



Tar from wood, 177. 



Temperature, how heat and cold 

 affect the woods, 32 ; cold cli- 

 mates produce simple woods and 

 trees of small size, 32 ; temper- 

 ate climates, more species, larger 

 size, 34 ; hot climates, different 

 species, great variety, 35 ; north 

 or cold side of hill (north expo- 

 sure) and high altitude act like 

 cold climates, 36 ; extreme cold 

 prevents tree growth, 37. 



Thinning, in timber forest, 56 ; 

 thinning, in general, 98 ; which to 

 take out, 99 ; it costs money to 

 thin, 10-0 ; degree of thinning 

 decided, 100 ; about how many 

 trees to leave, 102 ; different kinds 

 need different degrees of thinning, 

 102. 



Timber cruising, 165. 



Timber forest, of ordinary hard- 

 woods, 53 ; its border, 54 ; thin- 

 ning in, 56 ; method of treating, 

 58 ; kinds of trees to use, 59 ; 

 difficulties, 59 ; an old method, 

 60 ; system applied in United 

 States, 60 ; preferably handled 

 in an orderly way (regulated), 

 64. 



Tolerant and intolerant trees, 4. 



Tough wood, 229'. 



Trap trees, see Insects, 122. 



Trees, how to distinguish the most 

 common ones, 238 ; leaves the 



principal help, 239 ; key to com- 

 mon trees, 240 ; pine family, pine 

 and larch, 240 ; spruce, hemlock, 

 242 ; red fir, balsam, cypress, 

 cedars, and redwood, 244 ; broad- 

 leaved trees, beech, chestnut, 

 birch, poplar, elm, basswood, 246 ; 

 cherry, sycamore, oak, 248 ; tulip 

 or yellow poplar, sweet gum, sas- 

 safras, magnolia, sour gum, black 

 gum or tupelo, 250 ; maple, 

 catalpa, locust, walnut, hickory, 

 and pecan, 254 ; ash, box elder, 

 buckeye or horse-chestnut, 256 ; 

 how to use the Key, 256 ; list of 

 important trees of United States, 

 261. 



Tulip poplar or yellow poplar, 281. 



Twisted grain in wood, 225. 



Under seed trees, method of start- 

 ing young growth, 64 ; different 

 cuts, 65 ; when seed trees should 

 be removed, 66 ; what trees can 

 be started in this way, 66 ; where 

 the method is used, 66; where 

 it may be used in our country, 

 66 ; rotation in this system, 68 ; 

 how to pick out the cuttings or 

 felling area, 68 ; fail places should 

 be filled, 70 ; application to large 

 tracts, 71. 



Use of the forest, 133 ; to primitive 

 man, 133; to human progress, 

 133; firewood, 136; tools used 

 in timber cutting, 137; pulp 

 wood, 140 ; acid wood, 142 ; posts 



