INDEX 



291 



(fence posts, etc.), 144; railway 

 ties, 145 ; poles and piling, 146 ; 

 mining timber, 147 ; export tim- 

 ber, 147 ; lumber, 150 ; estimat- 

 ing timber in lumbering, 164 ; 

 tan bark, 173 ; resin and turpen- 

 tine, 174; seeds and mast, 177; 

 pasturage, 178 ; game and fish, 

 180. 



Walnut, black walnut and white 

 walnut, 254, 281. 



Wastefulness of nature in wild- 

 woods, 11. 



Waste lands, 193 ; where we have 

 them, 193 ; how they have been 

 utilized and made to bear valu- 

 able crops, 194. 



Weight of wood, 227. 



Wild woods, 1. 



Wood, a chapter on wood, 217 ; 

 structural features, 217 ; sap and 

 heart wood, 217 ; the yearly or 

 annual ring, 217 ; spring and 

 summer wood, 218; pores in 

 wood, 219; ring-porous, diff use- 

 porous, and non-porous woods, 

 222 ; pith rays, 222 ; grain of 

 wood, 224; straight and spiral 

 grain, 225 ; bird's-eye and curly 

 structure, 226 ; knots in wood, 



226 ; physical properties of wood, 



227 ; weight of wood, 227 ; mois- 

 ture in wood, 227 ; shrinkage of 



wood on drying, 228; checking 

 during shrinkage, 228 ; strength 

 of wood, 229 ; tough woods, 229 ; 

 chemical properties, 230; dura- 

 bility and decay of wood, 230. 



Wood acid or wood vinegar, 142. 



Wood and iron, a comparison of 

 the two, 232 ; wood is a natural 

 product, 232 ; wood is cheap and 

 soft, cleaves, is strong, 233 ; wood 

 is light, poor conductor of heat 

 and electricity, 234 ; wood is inof- 

 fensive and handsome, 235 ; wood 

 can be glued, wood burns and fur- 

 nishes heat, 236 ; wood can be 

 made into pulp and converted 

 into many useful substances, 237. 



Wood lot, or small tracts usually 

 belonging to farms, 184; what 

 to raise, 188 ; a sugar bush, 189 ; 

 utilizing the timber, 190 ; actual 

 results obtained, 191. 



Wood pulp, see Pulp wood, 140. 



Yearly or annual ring, 217. 



Yellow pine, see Lumber, 155. 



Yellow poplar,' see Tulip poplar, 250, 

 281. 



Yew, its wood and where found, 268. 



Yield or cut per acre that may be 

 expected in coppice, 46 ; in pine 

 timber, if fully stocked, 74 ; of 

 log timber in hardwood and coni- 

 fers, 64. 



