76 FIRST BOOK OF ZOOLOGY. 



represents a side-view of the same egg ; e, represents another 

 egg with the canker-worm eating its way out ; /J represents 

 the canker-worm highly magnified, after it has crawled out 

 from the egg ; g, shows the natural size of the worm ; h, 

 shows the appearance of the male canker-worm moth. The 

 female moth which is laying the eggs differs from the 

 male in having no wings. 



Now, if fresh elm-leaves are placed in the box with the 

 worms, they will commence to feed on them. The eggs 

 hatch out just as the leaves commence to grow, and con- 

 sequently the young worms have tender leaves to feed on 

 at the outset. 



The worm grows rapidly, and after a few weeks ceases 

 feeding, and, dropping to the ground, or lowering itself down 

 by a thread spun from the head, buries itself just below the 

 surface of the ground, and there changes into a chrysalis, form- 

 ing a rude cocoon of earth about it. At the proper time 

 there comes from the chrysalis a male canker-worm moth 

 with wings, or a female canker-worm moth without wings. 



73. From the eggs, then, come worms or caterpillars. 

 The worms or caterpillars change into chrysalides, and some- 

 times these are inclosed in cases or cocoons. From the chrys- 

 alides come the perfect insects, similar to the insects which 

 first laid the eggs. 



If it is desired to keep the caterpillars alive, the pupil 

 should try to find them when they are feeding, and to ob- 

 serve the kind of leaf they are eating, and then, by giving 

 them fresh leaves of the same kind as they need them, the 



