CONTENTS 



PAGE 



GENERAL INTRODUCTION xi 



PART I. PLANT BIOLOGY 



CHAPTER 



I. No Two PLANTS OR PARTS ARE ALIKE ; 



II. THE STRUGGLE TO LIVE . . . . . . 4 



III. SURVIVAL OF THE FIT 7 



IV. PLANT SOCIETIES 9 



V. THE PLANT BODY 15 



_VLr- SEEDS AND GERMINATION 20 



VII. THE ROOT THE FORMS OF ROOTS .... 32 



VIII. THE ROOT FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE ... 38 



IX. THE STEM KINDS AND FORMS PRUNING . 49 



3C< THE STEM ITS GENERAL STRUCTURE ... 59 



XI. LEAVES FORM AND POSITION 73 



LEAVES STRUCTURE AND ANATOMY . . .86 



LEAVES FUNCTION OR WORK 92 



DEPENDENT PLANTS 106 



XV. WINTER AND DORMANT BUDS in 



XVI. BUD PROPAGATION 121 



XVII. How PLANTS CLIMB 129 



XVIII. THE FLOWER ITS PARTS AND FORMS . . .133 



XIX. THE FLOWER FERTILIZATION AND POLLINATION . 144 



.2QC- FLOWER-CLUSTERS 155 



XXI. FRUITS 163 



XXII. DISPERSAL OF SEEDS 172 



PHENOGAMS AND CRYPTOGAMS 176 



STUDIES IN CRYPTOGAMS 182 



