INSECTS 65 



surface of each membrane. State any advantage or dis- 

 advantage in having the ears located where they are. 



Ovipositor. If the specimen is a female, it has an egg- 

 placer or ovipositor, consisting of four blunt projections at 

 the end of the abdomen (Fig. 107). If it is a male, 

 there are only two appendages. These are above the 

 end of the abdomen, and smaller than the parts of the 

 ovipositor. Females are larger and more abundant than 

 males. In laying the eggs, the four blunt points are 

 brought tightly together and then 

 forced into the ground and opened 

 (Fig. 108). By repeating this, a pit 

 is made almost as deep as the abdo- 

 men is long. What sex is shown in 

 Fig. 1 06 ? Fig. 107 ? 



Draw a side view of the grass- 

 hopper. 



Thorax. This, the middle por- FIG. 108. GRASSHOPPER 



f ^ t -, . . r j7 LAYING EGGS. (Riley.) 



tion of the body, consists of three 



segments or rings (Fig. 107). Is the division between the 

 rings most apparent above or below? Which two of the 

 three rings are more closely united ? 



The front ring (pro thorax) of the thorax has no rings. 

 Is it larger above or below ? Does it look more like a 

 collar or a cape ? (Fig. 106.) A spiracle is found on the 

 second ring (mesothorax, or middle thorax) just above the 

 second pair of legs. There is another in the soft skin 

 between the prothorax and mesothorax just under the 

 large cape or collar. The last ring of the thorax is called 

 the metathorax (rear thorax). 



How many legs are attached to each ring of the tho- 

 rax ? Can a grasshopper walk ? Run? Climb? Jump? 

 Fly? Do any of the legs set forward? (See Fig. 106.) 



