THE RESPIRATION 71 



end of a walking stick or ruler. (Or test with the flame of a candle.) 

 Hold it near cracks of window, above and below doors, and especially 

 before openings intended for entry and exit of air, and test if air moves 

 as desired. 



Experiment n. Ventilation of the Schoolroom. Let the whole 

 class rise, and with the fingers test cracks around doors and windows. 

 Wherever the air feels cold to the hand the air is entering. 



Experiment 12. Dust. With a mirror cause a sunbeam to play like 

 a search light into a closed room several hours after it has been swept. 

 Result? Do the same in a room where every window and door were 

 open during sweeping and left open afterwards. Result? Conclusion? 

 Note also the amount of dust on the furniture of each room. 



Experiment 13. Study of Habitual Quiet Breathing. Without any 

 more disturbance of the breathing than can be helped, direct your atten- 

 tion to your breathing while sitting quietly. Record motions of any 

 parts of chest and abdominal walls that may be noticeable. If neces- 

 sary, lay the hands successively against different parts of the wall to 

 test for motion. Think of another subject, and later repeat observations. 



Experiment 14. Study of Deep Breathing. Place your hands suc- 

 cessively upon the front and sides of your chest, waist, and abdomen, 

 while drawing in and sending out deep breaths. What motions of the 

 several parts are observed at each stage ? 



Experiment 15. Study of Elasticity as a Factor in Breathing. 

 (i) Notice whether in quiet breathing there is an elastic rebound as 

 the breath goes either in or out. If so, it is due to the elasticity of the 

 cartilages or air cells of lungs, or both. (2) Breathe by inflating the 

 lungs strongly at each breath. Is the air then forced out without 

 effort? (3) Breathe by flattening the chest and abdomen as much as 

 possible at each breath. Does the air then rush in without effort? 



Experiment 16. Chest Breathing. Try to breathe wholly by deep 

 expansions and contractions of chest wall. What motions, if any. are 

 noticed in abdominal wall as breath goes in ? As it goes out ? (Test 

 motions with hand.) 



Experiment 17. Abdominal Breathing. Try to hold the chest walls 

 still and breathe by strong contraction and expansion of abdomen. 

 Do the chest walls move at all? Neither Behest breathing"' nor 

 4 * abdominal breathing " is the normal way. See text. 



Experiment 18. Full Breathing. Try breathing by outward and 

 inward movement of walls of chest, -waist, and abdomen. Do you suc- 

 ceed? This is normal breathing. Is the motion greater at the front 

 or the sides of the waist? Put a belt around the waist tight enough to 

 stay in place and repeat Is the waist motion interfered with? 



