SCANSORES: PICIM:. 149 



characteristics, has the wing coverts uniform black, with- 

 out spots. 



The next two have the outer tail feathers white, with 

 black transverse bands. 



The Downy Woodpecker, P. pubescens, Linn., of East- 

 ern North America, is six and a quarter inches long, and 

 is a miniature of the Hairy Woodpecker. 



Gairdner's Woodpecker, P. Gairdneri, Aud., from the 

 eastern base of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, is 

 six and three fourths inches long, with wing coverts and 

 innermost secondaries nearly uniform black. 



The two following have the middle of the back banded 

 transversely with white and blacft, the under parts white 

 with black spots upon the sides. 



Nuttall's Woodpecker, P. Nuttalli, Gambel, of Cali- 

 fornia, is about seven inches long, and, in addition to 

 characteristics mentioned above, has the entire crown 

 black, nape red, both spotted with white, and the feathers 

 at the base of the bill white. 



The Texas Sapsucker, P. scalaris, Wagler, of the Rocky 

 Mountains, is six and a quarter inches long ; crown and 

 nape red, spotted with white. 



The Red-cockaded Woodpecker, P. borealis, Vieill., of 

 the Southern States, is seven and a quarter inches long, 

 the wing four and a half inches ; the upper parts, with 

 top and sides of the head, black ; the back, rump, and 

 scapulars transversely banded with white ; a silky patch 

 on the side of the head, and the under parts generally, 

 white. 



The White-headed Woodpecker, P. albolarvatus, Baird, 

 of Oregon and California, is about nine inches long, bluish- 

 black, the head and a patch at the base of the primaries 

 white. 



The Genus Picoides comprises Woodpeckers with only 

 three toes to each foot. The color generally is black 



