4 8 4 



THE CAMPANULALES 



anthers are aggregated and usually cohere, forming a sheath 

 about the style which is frequently covered with hairs and acts 

 like a piston rod in the cylinder of anthers. The flowers are 

 protandrous with few exceptions, the anthers opening on their 

 inner sides and discharging the spores upon the style which later 

 sweeps them out as it elongates. The pistils are generally re- 

 duced to a single one-ovuled carpel that ripens as an akene. 

 Leaving out of consideration the gourds which include the 

 melons, pumpkins, cucumber and gourd, as a family of uncertain 



FIG. 337. Lower forms of the Campanulales: A, inflorescence of the 

 bellflower (Campanula}. B, section of a young flower. The hairy style 

 is pushing up between the encircling anthers and sweeping the spores out 

 of them. Note the closed stigmatic lobes. C, older flower. The anthers 

 are withering and the stigmas are curving back towards the spore-covered 

 style. D, flower of Lobelia. The tubular corolla is opened at one side, per- 

 mitting the style and encircling stamens, g, to protrude. E, section of flower, 

 showing the anthers, a, united about the style and stigma. F, relation of 

 stigma to anthers. At right the section shows the anthers cohering about the 

 bushy style, which acts later as a brush sweeping out the spores. At the left 

 the style has grown beyond the anthers and the stigmatic lobes are spreading 

 apart. 



