CONTENTS xi 



CHAPTER XIV 



ORNITHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



PAGE 



General migration of birds Distribution and habits of bulbuls Plasticity 

 of instinct Paradise flycatchers The black drongo Habits of the 

 purple sunbird Nesting instinct of the whistling thrush, the barbet, 

 and the Kashmir martin Troops of insectivorous birds Tumbling of 

 birds Soaring flight of birds 258 



CHAPTER XV 



GEOLOGICAL SKETCH 



General features of Hazara Central granite Palaeozoic slates Infra- 

 Triassic series Triassic limestones Jurassic and Cretaceous Eocene 

 Nummulitics Vegetation of Tertiaries Summary of geological changes 

 Movements of sand in a mountain stream ..... 279 



INDEX .... 297 



