160 THE LONG-TAILED, OR NORTHERN HARELD. 



forehead and cheeks are greyish wood-brown, centre 

 of the crown black ; the occiput and chin white ; 

 the neck, breast, and upper parts of the belly, deep 

 pitch black ; the lower belly, sides, and under tail- 

 covers, pure white ; the upper part of the back and 

 long scapulars are black, with broad margins of red- 

 dish brown ; the mantle, lower back, rump, and 

 .upper tail-covers, wings, and tail, deep brownish 

 black ; the secondaries have the outer webs tinted 

 with reddish brown, forming an indistinct speculum. 

 In this specimen a few white feathers appear inter- 

 mixed on the front of the neck and upper part of 

 the back. 



The plumage of the winter, in a very fine and 

 perfect specimen shot in the Frith of Forth, the 

 forehead and cheeks are pale greyish brown ; the 

 occiput, back of the neck, throat, upper part of 

 the breast and back, belly, vent, under tail-covers, 

 and scapulary feathers, pure white. On each side 

 of the neck there is a large oval patch of pitch 

 brown, terminating inferiorly in yellowish or red- 

 dish brown ; the mantle, lower back, rump, tail, and 

 wings, are as in the other dress, brownish black, in 

 both the tail is graduated ; the centre feathers nar- 

 row and much elongated ; the bill has the nail and 

 base black ; behind the nail a band, coloured, w r hen 

 newly killed, of a deep lake ; feet and legs yellowish 

 grey. In winter the flocks are always accompanied 

 by numbers of birds in various states of immature 

 plumage, having the neck and breast partially white, 

 and but little trace of the broad distinct pectoral 

 band ; the back and wirfgs not nearly so deep in the 



