CEbEMIA. 161 



tint, and the scapularies and tail not elongated. 

 In the female, which is less in size, the crown, nape, 

 spot upon the neck and breast are yellowish brown, 

 darker on the head ; lower breast and under parts 

 pure white ; the upper parts black ish. brown ; the 

 scapulars broadly edged with yellowish brown ; 

 tail not elongated. This is the state of a female 

 killed in the Firth of Forth during winter. 



The next generic form we shall notice is that of the 

 Scoters, a race of ducks maritime in their habits, and 

 except during the season of incubation, very seldom 

 leaving the waters; they are most expert divers, feed 

 in deep water, and the gizzards have generally been 

 found filled with the remains of strong bivalve 

 shells. The form of the body is large and heavy, 

 and the colours of the plumage are black, in some 

 slightly marked on the head and wings with white. 



(EDEMIA, Fleming. Generic characters. Bill de- 

 pressed, and much dilated for two-thirds of its 

 length, base elevated and knobbed, lamellas 

 dentated, strong but not apparent ; nostrils an- 

 terior, oval, large ; wings pointed, quills strong, 

 the first emarginated ; tail wedge-shaped, stiff ; 

 feet large, hallux broadly webbed. 



Types. 0. fusca, perspicillata, &c. Europe, 

 Asia, America. 



Note. Habits entirely maritime, except during 

 incubation. Males separate from females when 

 incubation commences. Form heavy, colour 

 black or dark. L 



