General Observations on the Study of Fruits. 23 



centre. They point toward the core. The seed has two skins. 

 One end of the seed is sharp and the other is blunt. The outer 

 skin is white and tough, and does not fit close to the seed. The 

 inside skin is a brownish color and slippery. It fits close to 

 the seed. It is the thinner of the two. The skin is spongy. 

 It is larger than that of an apple-seed. The germ is at the 

 sharp end of the seed. The seed is like a little bean. There 

 are two parts to it. When under the glass, it looks like the 

 heart of a cabbage. 



Oranges grow in warm climates. Some of the places are 

 Florida, California, and West Indies. The Florida oranges are 

 the best, but this year the oranges of Florida are no good, for 

 they are all frozen. They use the orange for flavoring different 

 things. The orange is nice to eat in the hand or on the table. 

 We like oranges the best in the winter-time. .They grow on a 

 tree, not on a bush. 



The Cranberry. 



(Description and drawing by Rollo S. Smith.) 



The cranberry grows in New Jersey, Delaware, and Massa- 

 chusetts. It is grown in marshy land, and a river or a brook is 

 always found near, so they can flood it to keep the plants from 

 getting frost-bitten. The cranberry is something the shape of 

 an egg, and is about the size of a sparrow's egg. The color of 

 the skin is of a light red at the blossom-end, but it gradually 

 grows darker toward the stem- end. Here it is a very dark 



FIG. 3. CRANBERRY AND SECTIONS. 



red. The skin is very smooth, and does not separate from the 

 fruit very easily. When cooked it separates very easily. 



The flesh is of a cream-white color. The texture of the 

 flesh is not very tough, and it is full of little pores. The flesh 

 tastes very sour, and has an insipid taste beside. The cross- 

 section looks like a full moon and a four-leaf clover in the 

 middle of it. 



Each cavity has four little seeds in it. There are four of these 

 cavities, which make the leaflets of the four-leaf clover. The 

 vertical section is blong, and each section contains two 

 cavities, which are full of seeds that point to the stem-end. 

 There is a very tough kind of cord, that goes from end to end, 

 that separates the two cavities. This cord is of a red color. 

 The seeds are all attached to the cord that passes through the 

 middle of the vertical section. The big ends of the seeds are 



