244 OPEN AIR GRAPE CULTURE. 



upper side of the cane (as it is tied to the trellis), 

 which must be kept, and all the buds on the next 

 equal space, removed in the same manner. So pro- 

 ceed until you have laid in ten or a dozen buds on 

 each cane, when it should be cut off. We will now 

 have two or more horizontal arms, each of which will 

 throw up from 5 to 6 vertical canes of a strength 

 sufficient to bear fruit next year, and the same num- 

 ber of short shoots which will form spurs for next 

 year's bearing canes. But in order to make sure of 

 this, we must prune the old vine very severely, in- 

 deed, and if we could make up our minds to do with- 

 out fruit for one year and cut it all away, we would 

 be gamers by it in the end. But in any case, all 

 fruit must be removed from our new wood, as the 

 steins will have enough to do to cover the trellis 

 without bearing a crop of grapes. 



Next year, the canes &, &, , , J, will bear a full 

 crop of fruit, and shoots must be trained up from the 

 spurs, #, a, <z, #, , a, to take their place at the winter 

 pruning. The whole management will now be the 

 same as that previously described for vineyards. 



If it be preferred to train up the vine on the spur 

 system, the buds at #, &, , #, a, a, should be removed 

 when the cane is disbudded the first season, and after 

 having borne once on the long-rod system, the canes 

 Z>, J, &, 5, &, will be well provided with shoots by cutting 



