APPENDIX I. 313 



dred three year old vines were purchased at the Parraentier garden in 

 Brooklyn at 37J cents per vine; these were also put" upon the lower 

 grounds, and were six feet apart each way, planted very deep and the 

 earth gradually filled in around them. The subsoil was almost entirely 

 composed of small stones and gravel without a particle of clay, or even 

 loam, to be seen. They grew rather slow at first, but soon got established, 

 and are yet bearing full crops, failing however oftener than most of the 

 vines planted at a greater distance apart. The next portion were planted 

 near these rows running north and south, eight feet apart and six feet apart 

 in the rows ; these were set out at an ordinary depth in the ground, and 

 treated in the same manner as the foregoing, and the vines have yielded 

 good fruit more uniformly than any of the preceding ones. Another piece 

 was planted in the midst of winter, during a season of mild weather, while 

 the frost was out of the ground ; hardly a vine failed, and they have borne 

 largely with few exceptions. 



" The last piece, comprising about three acres, was planted on a good 

 strong soil, not heavy, but sufficiently loamy for most purposes ; which 

 was previously occupied by locust timber grown from seed that had been 

 so much injured by the grub that it was deemed good policy to substitute 

 a vineyard. 



" The vines promised much, and have borne pretty well, but have fallen 

 short of anticipations, owing perhaps to peculiarities of the season, which 

 have been marked for the last few years. They were set in rows running 

 north and south ten feet apart, and the vines eight feet apart in the rows. 



" No difficulty was found in subduing the locusts ; a contract was made 

 with a laborer to dig each tree out, removing the soil and extracting the 

 entire root from a circle of the diameter of a cart wheel. This work was 

 performed in the winter at a shilling a tree ; the ground was then ploughed 

 and planted with corn ; the following year a line was designated for each 

 row of grape vines ; the ground was then ploughed to the width of four or 

 five feet along these rows, throwing the furrows out until a considerable 

 trench was found, while workmen followed with suitable tools and cut. 

 away all interfering roots. This operation gave space for the row of grape 

 vines on clear ground, with but little necessity for removing much earth' 

 by hand for their reception ; the remaining roots in the middle of the rows 

 were soon got rid of by the subsequent ploughing after planting the vines. 



" Failures have occurred occasionally, owing to several causes, some of 

 which might have been avoided ; among these may be mentioned the cose 

 bugs ; these came in such quantities, after several years, as to entirely de- 

 stroy the crops for one year, before their existence was hardly suspected. 

 After this they were caught by carrying small pans of water along the 

 rows, and shaking them into it; a gentle agitation being sufficient. For 

 two or three years they were very troublesome, and required constant 

 looking out for; they were got under, however,' and little trouble has. 



