APPENDIX I. 315 



has resorted to training on arbors, which, he thinKs, if properly managed, 

 is by far the most certain mode of obtaining fine fruit, as there is much 

 protection effected from the cold winds by the overshadowing leaves, for 

 the fruit always hangs underneath. 



"He thinks eight feet not sufficiently far apart for the vines, and has 

 removed several hundred, leaving a space of sixteen feet between the 

 vines, with a design to train horizontally along the trellis. This mode 

 fully answers his expectations ; it gives fine fruit, and it will fully equal 

 the others in quantity after one year. 



There is scarcely any limit to the capabilities of a vine, the roots 

 always keeping pace with the top. When they are dwarfed by constant 

 pruning, the roots are circumscribed in proportion, and consequently 

 draw their supplies from comparatively small space ; in severe drought 

 such vines feel its effects very sensibly. The judge says this idea was 

 very much impressed upon him in observing the roots of the vines re- 

 moved in his vineyard, while at the same time some large bearing vines 

 of the same age, growing on trees where full scope was allowed, had 

 roots of twice the size and length. 



"The stock of young vines for planting for the last 20 years has been 

 raised from cuttings taken from the vineyard. 



"No. 12 Pennsylvania wire is used; and we noticed that instead 01 

 being fastened on to the posts with staples or nails in the usual manner, a 

 cut is made with a small saw, and a turn taken around the post with the 

 wire, drawing it up as snugly as possible into the cut; the wire requires 

 forcing in a little with the hammer. 



" The first part of the vineyard has had no new wire yet, except when, 

 from accident the old was broken and required repairing. It looks as> 

 though it might last ten years longer. Smaller wires have been used,, 

 but they do not answer as well. If any change was made, it should be 

 for the size larger. 



" The judge uses the common manures collected about the farm-yard, 

 applying them in moderate quantities as best suits his convenience chips 

 from the wood-pile, and even shingle shavings,. have been applied in large 

 quantities during the prevalence of severe drought, with beneficial results, 

 which have extended to subsequent seasons. 



"He fk now cultivating the Catawba, but not very extensively, and 

 does not consider it quite so- certain in maturing, and finds it more diffi- 

 cult to propagate. 



" Eight or ten more native varieties are now under trial.'' 



