STUD BOOK. 59 



Restiveness is defined, by the author of a recent work on 

 "Humanity to Brutes," to be " a compound of mischievous- 

 ness and stubbornness, the will of the horse being directly 

 opposed to that of the rider." "Now," says this writer, 

 " the most zealous advocate for the humane treatment of an- 

 imals will readily admit that the man must be master and the 

 quadruped must obey. The only question is as to the means of 

 enforcing obedience. Correction may occasionally be neces- 

 sary, but the grand secret is to foil the horse with his own 

 weapons. If severity is resorted to, it should not be until all 

 other means have failed. There should be no trial of 

 strength between the biped and the quadruped, for that will 

 probably again and again terminate in a drawn battle which 

 mil be renewed on the first opportunity. The horse may 

 fret and exhaust himself, but the rider must be quiet. If he 

 will stand still, he should do so until he is tired, or he should 

 be made to walk backwards. If he endeavors to turn round, 

 he should be made to accomplish a whole instead of a half 

 circle, so that he shall be precisely where he was before. 

 Nineteen horses out of twenty will soon be convinced of the 

 iuutility of a struggle like this, and after having repeated the 

 experiment two or three times, with precisely the same re- 

 sult, will submit, and become useful and attached servants. 

 If, however, he continues a brute, he must be got rid of, or 

 proper coercion must be applied." 



THE COACH-HOBSE. 



The better kind are the Cleveland bays, mostly bred in 

 the country, between Northumberland and Lincoln, and 

 particularly about Cleveland and the vale of Pickering. The 

 Cleveland mares, at least those that have been kept for 

 breeding purposes, have materially improved within the last 

 thirty or forty years. They are taller, with better withers, 

 yet sufficient roundness of the barrel, and flatter and deeper 

 legs. These mares are crossed by a three-part bred horse, or 

 sometimes by a thorough-bred one, that has sufficient sub- 

 stance and height, arched crest, and high action. The foal is 

 either the tall coach-horse the true Cleveland bay or he is 

 the four-in-hand, or curricle-horse, or sometimes the hunter, 

 and of the best description, or the better kind of saddle-horse. 

 If the sire is only half-bred, we have the post-chaise or coach- 

 horse, the hackney, and the horse of common work the worst 

 of mongrels 



Dealers at the proper season attend the fairs in this dis- 



