MUGIL. 79 



close togotlior at the base. Anal liii opposite tlie second iloisul, wiih 

 3 feeble spines. Vertebne 24 (lli+12). 



Distributed over all the temperate and tropical regions of the world ; 

 breeding in salt water. 



Most, if not all, of the foll()\\ing species enter fresh waters, at least 

 in some parts of their habitat. Only African specimens are recorded in 

 this catalogue. 



Si/nopsis of the Sj)ecies. 



I. Cauilid dec|il\' emar;;iiiatc. 



A. 30-4:7 scales in a loii<;;ituiiinal serif? : a large scalv process in axil of 



pectoral fin, wiiioli is shorter than head. 



1. Eve with a iiuich-developoil adipose lid ; pectoial j to | lon<'th of head; 



anal nsually with 8 soft rays. 

 Mi)iith, seen t'roin below, forming an obtuse 



angle 1. M. ccphaliis. Is.. [,. f^O. 



Jloiith t'orniing a right angle 2. M. oeur, Fov:-k., [i. !>2. 



2. Adipose e3'elid rudimentary ; pec- 



toral ? to § length of head : anal 



usually with it soft rays . . . . o. M. r,qnto. C'uv., ]). 83. 



B. 39-4C scales in si longitudinal series ; no scaly ]irocess in axil of pectoral. 

 1. Upper lip not more than half diameter of eve. 



4(>-4G scales in a longitudinal series ; pectoral 

 f to f length of head ; anal with 9 soft 



rays 4. .V. saliens, Risso, p. 8.5. 



40-4() scales ; pectoial J to once length of 



head ; anal with 9 (rarely 8) soft rays . 5. J7. auralus, Uisso, p. 8l>. 

 39-42 scales ; pectoral as long as head or a 



little shorter; anal with 11 soft rays . . (1. M. falcipinnis, C. it V., p. 88. 

 '1. L'pper lip thick, papillose, more than 

 half diameter of eye ; 41-45 scales ; 

 jiectoral § to f; length of head ; 

 anal with 9 soft rays 7. M. c/ulo, Cuv., \\ 89. 



('. 31-42 scales in a longitudinal series; a large scaly process in axil of 

 pectoral ; anal with 9 soft rays. 

 38-42 scales ; pectoral as long as head ... 8. M. sehcli, Forsk.. ]>. 91. 

 35-38 scales ; pectoral little more than § length 



of head 9. JA robtistus, Gthr., p. 92. 



31-33 scales ; pectoral as long as head . . . 10. M. cei/lonensis, Gthi-., p. [r.]. 

 D. 27-35 scales in a longitudinal scries ; no scaly process in axil of pectoral ; 

 anal with 9 soft rays. 

 30-35 scales ; pectoral ^ to ^ lengtli of head . 11. J/, macrolepis, A. Smith, p. 'M. 



