82 CATERPILLARS AND THEIR MOTHS 



In this stage the larvae twitched from side to side 

 when disturbed, but were otherwise very sluggish. 



Ten days later the granules had disappeared and all 

 the marks had grown paler. Then the caterpillars 

 looked grayish and dusty on the dorsum, and stopped 

 eating. They were three inches long, a few being 

 shorter. 



Some spun a few threads fastening leaves to the tin ; 

 others merely lay on the bottom of the tin, and pu- 

 pated three days later. 



The pupae were an inch and a half long, very dark 

 brown, and coffee-colored between the abdominal seg- 

 ments, which were pitted. The wing-covers were 

 rough. There was a slightly pointed tubercle at the 

 base of each antenna. The anal hook was long, 

 slender, and bifid at the tip. 



Out of doors these caterpillars are easy prey for 

 parasitic flies, and among their most common enemies 

 is Apanteles congregatiis, whose yellow cocoons form a 

 sort of crust over the body of the caterpillar. 



The moths are found " from Canada to Florida, and 

 westward to Iowa," according to Mr. Beutenmiiller. 

 They fly by day as well as in the evening. They are 

 common in eastern Massachusetts and western Ver- 

 mont, but Mr. Beutenmiiller finds them not common 

 near New York. 



We have found the eggs in May and June, and 

 larvae from June till October, showing that eggs must 

 be laid later than June. 



The food-plants given are grape, woodbine, and 

 E]}iloh'mm ; but we have not chanced to find larvae or 

 eggs on the last. 



