PROTOPARCE CAROLINA 133 



and lay on the earth provided to absorb the fluid ex- 

 uding from them at this stage. The earth was not 

 deep enough for burrowing, and the pupation could 

 be watched as far as outer changes were concerned. 

 In eight days the pupae cast the larva-skin, and were 

 green, becoming chestnut-brown far more quickly than 

 celeus pup?e. They are shorter and smaller than celeus 

 pupae, and have the tongue-case much shorter, less 

 curved, and touching the wing-covers less than half- 

 way down. 



Celeus larvap, after the fourth molt, vary in almost 

 every way except the shape of the obliques ZL, the 

 chief point distinguishing them from Carolina, as the 

 red horn of Carolina is usually given as the distinctive 

 mark of that crawler. Whatever the shade of brown, 

 black, olive, or green of the celeus larva, each oblique 

 is always supplemented by a horizontal line at the 

 lower end, making a Z. with the oblique line. This 

 is not the case with Carolina. Celeus larvae have 

 great variety of color in their spiracles, too, some being 

 black in white oval lines; others tan-colored, with a 

 dark dot in the middle and a white or a black line 

 around the edge ; others orange, with a yellow- white 

 dot at each end, in a white oval or in a gray one. 



In our experience, the horn of Carolina is the first 

 distinguishing mark, but we confess that, so great is 

 the variety in the coloring of celeus, we should not be 

 overwhelmed with surprise if some day we found a 

 celeus with a red horn. 



The Carolina moth is much browner and darker than 

 celeus, and the orange spots on the abdomen are 

 larger than those of celeus, while its general effect is 



