156 CATERPILLARS AND THEIR MOTHS 



The pupa lay quiet for a few moments, then began 

 to writhe at the anal end, and to contract there until 

 this segment was in pupa shape. 



The tongiie-case consisted of two broad tubes, more 

 like flaps than tubes. They lay with their tips on the 

 thorax, about one third of the distance down tlie wing- 

 covers, and separate. The head and first two segments 

 were still bent forward, though not as much as before 

 pupation. The head began to draw back very slowly, 

 as did the thoracic segments, and very slowly the 

 tongue-case and wing-covers lengthened, until, two 

 hours later, they were of the normal length and the 

 whole pupa had settled into normal shape and had 

 begun to turn brown. Almost two days were needed 

 for the color to become chestnut-brown, the wings 

 being the last part to lose their clear green color. 

 When wholly developed into normal pupae they were 

 deep chestnut-brown. 



The pupae were long and rather slender, with a 

 short tongue-case appressed to the thorax in most 

 instances, but in some raised a little near the head. 

 The largest pupae measured two and a half inches in 

 length, the smallest one and seven eighths inches. 



Cher sis larvae are very quiet and not easily excited 

 or disturbed, but they are subject to some diseases 

 which seem to affect them most just as we think we 

 have them almost full fed. We have never been able 

 to find any cause for these diseases, but we have lost 

 some fine crawlers by them. 



Sometimes a hatchling seems to find the leaf too 

 tough for its mandibles, but if a bit of the margin is 

 torn away the little caterpillar will begin on the torn 



