284 CATERPILLARS AND THEIR MOTHS 



and edged with six black spines. The spiracles were 

 black encircled with white. The first segment had 

 only raised dots instead of spines. There was a sub- 

 stigmatal ridge which was very noticeable. 



Nine days later they grew yellower and stopped eat- 

 ing, having grown to a length of about two and a half 

 inches. They go into the earth out of doors, but in 

 the house they stiffened, turned on their backs, and 

 lay so for four days, when the pupte cast the larva- 

 skins and appeared bright red-brown, with two bright 

 red, oval tubercles at the back of the thorax. They 

 turned almost black in a day or two, tubercles and all, 

 and measured one and one eighth inches in length. 

 They were rough, with short abdominal spines, and were 

 not polished like sphingid pupae or those of A. torrefacta. 



The pupjB work their way to the surface of the earth 

 when the moth is ready to emerge, and we have found 

 the empty pupa-cases part-way out of the ground in 

 the early summer., 



The caterpillars are rather common where oaks 

 abound. They are single-brooded, and may be found 

 from June till October, their range extending from 

 Canada to Georgia — possibly farther south — and far 

 West. They are not as common as A. senatoria, and 

 are larger and handsomer. 



Their long horns are movable, but seem of no use as 

 protective resemblance or bird-frighteners. 



There is one record of their spines' stinging, but we 

 have handled the caterpillars repeatedly without the 

 least urtication, and as only one man records such 

 stinging experience we feel that there must have been 

 some mistake. 



