GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY 47 



Gelatin not liquefied. Parasitic, frequently pathogenic, producing plague 

 in man and hemorrhagic septicemia in the lower animals. 



The type species is Pasteur ella cholera-gallinarum (Fliigge) Trevisan. 



4. Hemophilus. Gen. no v. Synonyms : Pyobacillus ? Koppanyi 1907; 

 Diplobacillus Morax 1896, not Diplobacillus Weichselbaum 1887. 



Minute rod-shaped cells, non-motile, without spores, strict parasites, 

 growing best (or only) in the presence of hemoglobin, and in general re- 

 quiring blood serum or ascitic fluid. Gram-negative. 



The type species is Hemophilus Influenza (Pfeiffer). 



VII. Family LACTOBACILLACE^:. Fam. nov. Rods, often long and 

 slender, Gram-positive, non-motile, without endospores. Usually pro- 

 duce acid from carbohydrates, as a rule lactic. When gas is formed, it 

 is CO 2 without H 2 . The organisms are usually somewhat thermophilic. 

 As a rule microaerophilic; surface growth on media poor. 



i. Lactobacillus. Beijerinck, 1901. Synonyms: Dispora? Kern 

 1882; Saccharobacillus? van Laer 1889; Streptobacillus Rest and 

 Khoury 1902; Brachybacterium Trioli-Petersson 1903; Caseobacterium 

 Jensen 1909. 



Generic characters those of the family. 



The type species is Lactobacillus caucasicus (Kern?) Beijerinck. 



VIII. Family BACITLACE^E. Rods producing endospores, usua ly 

 Gram-positive. Flagella when present peritrichic. Actively decompose 

 prote'n media through the agency of enzymes. 



1. Bacillus. Cohn,i872. Synonyms: Bactrella? M.orrtmS^o' ) Metal- 

 lacter? Perty 1852; Bactridium Davaine 1868 in part; Urobacillus Miquel 

 1879; Pollendera Trevisan 1884; Zopfiella Trevisan 1885; Streptobacter 

 Schroeter 1886; Cornilia Trevisan 1889; in part; Bacterium Ehrenberg, 

 emended Migula 1894 in part; Bactridium Fischer 1895, not Bactridium 

 Wallroth 1832; Bactrinium Fischer 1895; Bactrillum Fischer 1895; 

 Endobacterium Lehmann and Neumann 1896; Astasia Meyer 1898; 

 Fenobacter Beijerinck 1900; Bacterius Kendall 1902 in part; Aplano- 

 bacter E. F. Smith 1905 in part; Semiclostridium Maassen 1905; Pienno- 

 bakterium Gonnermann 1907; Myxobacillus Gonnermann 1907; Thermo- 

 bacillus Jensen 1909; Serratia Vuillemin 1913 in part, not Serratia 

 Bizio 1823. 



Aerobic forms. Mostly saprophytes. Liquefy gelatin. Often occut 

 in long threads and form rhizoid colonies. Form of rod usually nor 

 greatly changed at sporulation. 



The type species is Bacillus subtilis Cohn. 



2. Clostridium. Prazmowski, 1880. Synonyms; Amylobacter Trecul 

 1865; Cornilia Trevisan 1889 in part; Granulobacter Beijerinck 1893; 

 Clostnlum Fischer 1895; Clostrinium Fischer 1895; Paracloster Fischer 



