50 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY 



II. Mycobacteriaceae 



Slender rods, staining with difficulty and acid-fast 3. Mycobacterium 

 Not as above 



Mycelium and conidia formed 



With aerial hyphae and conidia; usually saprophytic soil 



organisms 2. Nocardia 



Hyphae and conidia not aerial; usually parasitic in 



animals i. Actinomyces 



Not as above; cells rod-like, usually somewhat curved, clubbed, 

 fusiform, or even branched, but never mycelial. 

 Thick, long threads, fragmenting into short thick 



rods Leptotrichic 



Not as above 



Cells usually elongate and fusiform; filaments, if formed, not 

 branching; staining somewhat irregularly . .5. Fusiformis 

 Cells slightly curved, clubbed, or in old cultures even branching; 

 not filamentous; showing definitely barred 



staining 4. Corynebacterium 



III. Pseudomonadaceae 



Generic characters mainly those of family ... i. Pseudomonas 



IV. Spirillaceae 



Flagellum single (rarely 2 or 3) i. Vibrio 



Flagella tufted (5-20) 2. Spirillum 



V. Coccaceae 



Abundant re-pigmented growth on agar 7. Rhodococcus 



Not as above 

 Gram-negative 

 Normally in paris of flattened cells; growth on plain agar scanty, 



never bright yellow i . Neisseria 



Normally in plates, packets, or irregular masses, growth on plain 

 agar abundant, pigment definitely yellow. 



Cells in regular packets 6. Sarcina 



Cells not in regular packets 5. Micrococcus 



Gram-positive (Exceptions rare and not easily confused with 

 above genera). 



Cells normally in chains, sometimes in paris (especially in acid 

 environment) never in large irregular masses. Gelatine rarely 

 liquefied. 

 Growth on plain agar usually translucent, never heavy, never 



yellow or orange 2. Streptococcus 



Cells normally in groups or masses (occasionally in plates in 



