168 PHARMACEUTICAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



They are held to be more decidedly antiseptic than either the iodide or the 

 bichlorid of mercury, and are so prepared that one tablet added to a pint 

 of water will make a strength of i-iooo. 



G. Chlorinated Lime. Also known as chloride of lime. This is an 

 oxidizing disinfectant and deodorant, most extensively employed for the 

 disinfection of stools, urine, sputa and other excreta. Eight ounces of the 

 chlorinated lime are added to one gallon of water. This solution is placed 

 in the vessel which is to receive the discharges, using at least double the 

 amount to be disinfected and allowing the mixture to stand for one-half 

 hour or longer. Chlorinated lime destroys color and corrodes all textile 

 fabrics and most metals. It must be kept in an air tight receptacle as it loses 

 in strength on exposure to air. The solutions should be made as required. 



H. Lime. Lime (unslaked lime, quicklime) is very useful for the de- 

 structive disinfection of cadavers dead of infectious diseases, using twice the 

 amount of lime, by weight, to the substance to be disinfected. The lime is 

 powdered or crushed and packed about the cadaver in a box or coffin. Nei- 

 ther water nor moisture need be added. 



I. Milk of Lime. Lime is slaked in the usual way. From the slaked 

 lime the milk of lime is prepared by adding eight parts of water. The 

 preparation should always be made from freshly slaked lime. It is much 

 used for the disinfection of stools and sputum, using an amount equal to the 

 amount of material to be disinfected. Whitewash is much used to disinfect 

 and preserve fences, stables, sheds, walls, ceilings, etc. 



J. Copper Sulphate. Blue vitriol is a very useful disinfectant for sick 

 room excreta of all kinds, using a 5 or 10 per cent, solution, bulk equal to bulk 

 of material to be disinfected, stirring and mixing and allowing to stand for 3 to 

 4 hours. Iron sulphate (copperas) is similarly used, though it is somewhat 

 weaker in action. 



K. Permanganate of Potassium. This is another of the oxidizing anti- 

 septics, having a rather limited use. It is furthermore comparatively ex- 

 pensive. Freshly prepared solutions are used, ranging in strength from 

 i-iooo up to 5 per cent. Quite extensively used as a disinfectant for hands. 

 Has been administered internally to oxidize alkaloidal poisons in the stomach 

 and in the intestinal tract. 



The following antiseptics are used more or less in surgery and as skin and 

 other tissue disinfectants. Some of them are used as general disinfectants, 

 but as a rule they are not sufficiently powerful to be of much practical value. 



A. lodoform. Formerly much used as a dressing for syphilitic ulcers. 

 It is not germicidal but has decided aseptic and sedative properties hence 

 also used in scalds and burns. It may, however, cause dermatitis. It is 

 insoluble in water but freely soluble in ether and alcohol. The ointment 

 (containing 10 per cent, iodoform) is still much used. Aristol, europhen 



