AMOUNT, COMPOSITION. AND CHARACTER OF URINE 533 



is a large amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate. Since calcium 

 and magnesium phosphates are more soluble than the diphosphates of 

 the same metals, deposits of the earthy phosphates are often found in 

 neutral or alkaline urines. When the urine is heated, the diphosphate 

 of calcium breaks up into the mono-calcium and a tri-calcium phos- 

 phate, which accounts for the fine turbidity often taken for albumin in 

 the flame test. Addition of acid will cause this to disappear. The crys- 

 tals of triple phosphates which occur in alkaline urine are ammonium 

 magnesium phosphate, NH 4 MgP0 4 . 



KIDNEY REFERENCES 



(Monographs) 



Beddard, A. P.: Recent Advances in Physiology, Longmans, Green & Co., London, 



1906. 

 Cushny, A. R.: Secretion of Urine, Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1917. 



(Original Papers) 



iBrodie, T. G., and Mackenzie, J. J.: Proc. Koy. Soc., 1914, Ixxxvii, B, 593. 



2Cushny, A. K.: Secretion of Urine, 1917, p. 48. 



sAddis and Watanabe: Jour. Biol. Chem., 1916, xxiv, 203. 



4Mosenthal, H. O. : Arch. Int. Med., 1915, xvi, 733. 



sAmbard and Weil: Physiologic normale et pathologique des reins, Paris, 1914, 

 J. B. Bailliere et fils. 



eMaclean, F. C.: Jour. Exper. Med., 1915, xxii, 212. 



^Chase and Meyers: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1916, Ixvii, 931. 



s Van Slyke, D. D., and Meyer, G. M.: Jour. Biol. Chem., 1912, xii, 399; and 1913, 

 xvi, 197, 213 and 231. 



oKnowlton, F. P.: Jour. Physiol., 1911, xliii, 219. 

 loBarcroft, J., and Straub, H.: Jour. Physiol., 1910, xli, 145. 

 uRowntree and Geraghty: Jour. Pharm. and Exper. Therap., 1910, i, 579. 

 i-'Asher and Pearce, R. G.: Zeitschr. f. Biol., 1913, Ixiil, 83. 

 i-Pearce, B. G., and Carter, E. P.: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1915, xxxviii, 350. 



