450 THE RESPIRATION 



strong rubber bag attached to the rubber tubing coming from an oxygen 

 cylinder. When the valve is in the inspiratory position, the gas passes 

 through the bag into the tongue depressor; when in the expiratory 

 position it fills the bag and none gets beyond the valve. The tongue 

 depressor is inserted in the mouth not much farther than the middle of 

 the tongue, so that there may be no gagging or other discomfort, and 

 the lips are kept closed. The valve is manipulated by the attendant 

 about 10 to 12 times a minute. 



By this method, with the nose clamped, we have been able to raise 

 the percentage of oxygen in the alveolar air to eighty-five. 



Of course by- far the most satisfactory method is to place the patient 

 in a respiratory cabinet filled with oxygen. Such cabinets are being 

 tried in England, and there is no doubt that they will soon come into 

 extensive use. 



RESPIRATION REFERENCES 



(Monographs) 



Bainbridge, F. A.: The Physiology of Muscular Exercise (Monographs on Physiology) 

 Longmanns, Green & Co., London, 1919. 



Barcroft, J.: The Eespiratory Function of the Blood, University Press, Cambridge, 

 1914. 



Borrutau, H.: Nagel's Handbuch der Physiologic, 1905, i, 29. 



Douglas, C. G.: Die Eegulation der Atmuiig beim Menschen, Ergebnisse der Physiol- 

 ogic, 1914, p. 338. 



Hill, Leonard: Caisson Sickness, International Medical Monographs, E. Arnold, 

 London, 1912. 



Keith, Arthur: The Mechanism of Eespiration in Man, Further Advances in Physi- 

 ology, E. Arnold, London, 1909. 



Schenek, F.: Innervation der Atmung, Ergebnisse der Physiologic, 1908, p. 65. 



(Original Articles) 



iKeith, Arthur: Cf. Further Advances. 



^Hoover, C. F.: Arch. Int. Med., 1913, xii, 214; ibid., 1917, xx, 701. 



3Lee. F. S., Guenther, A. E., and Meleney, H. F.: Am. Jour. Physiol., 191 G, xl, 44(5. 



<Meltzer, S. J.: Jour. Physiol., 1892, xiii, 218. 



sHaldane, J. S., and Priestley, J. G.: Jour. Physiol., 1905, xxxii, 225. 



Haldane and Douglas: Ibid., 1913, xlv, 235. 

 eHenderson, Y., Chillingworth and Whitney: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1915, xxxviii, 1. 



Henderson and Morriss: Jour. Biol. Chem., 1917, xxx, 217. 

 7Krogh, A., and Lindhard: Jour. Physiol., 1913, xlvii, 30; ibid., 3917, li, 59. 

 sPearce, E. G.: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1917, xliii, 73; ibid., 1917, xliv, 369. 

 sSiebeck, E.: Skand. Arch. f. Physiol., 1911, xxv, 87; Carter, E. P.: Jour. Exper. 



Med., 1914, xx, 21. 



loPeabody, F. W., and Wentworth, J. A.: Arch. Int. Med., 1917, xx, 443. 

 uLewis, T.: Jour. Physiol., 1908, xxxiv, 213, 233. 

 isPorter, W. T.: Jour. Physiol., 1895, xvii, 455. 

 isChristiansen and Haldane, J.: Jour. Physiol., 1914, xlviii, 272. 



i^Boothby, W. M., and Berry, F. B.: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1915, xxxvii, 433; also 

 Boothby, W. M., and Shamoff, V. N.: Ibid., p. 418. 



