CH. XXVII.] 



THE STOMACH 



449 



When examined with a lens, the internal or free surface of the 

 stomach presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance, produced by 



shallow polygonal depressions, the 

 diameter of which varies generally 

 from -otroth to y^-th of an inch 

 (about 125/x) ; but near the pylorus 

 is as much as T ^th of an inch 

 (250/x). In the bottom of these 

 little pits, and to some extent 

 between them, minute openings 

 are visible, which are the orifices 

 of the ducts of perpendicularly 

 arranged tubular glands (fig. 375), 

 imbedded side by side in sets or 

 bundles, on the surface of the 



FIG. 376. Transverse section through 

 lower part of cardiac glands of a cat. 

 a, parietal cells ; &, central cells ; 

 c, transverse section of capillaries. 

 (Frey.) 



mucous membrane, and composing 

 nearly the whole structure. 



The glands of the mucous 

 membrane are of two varieties, 

 (a) Cardiac, (&) Pyloric. 



(a) Cardiac glands are found 

 throughout the whole of the cardiac 

 half and fundus of the stomach. 

 They are arranged in groups of 

 four or five, which are separated 

 by a fine connective tissue. Two 

 or three tubes open into one duct, 

 which forms about a third of the 



whole length of the tube and opens on the surface. The ducts are 

 lined with columnar epithelium. Of the gland-tube proper, i.e. the 

 part of the gland below the duct, the upper third is the neck and the 

 rest the lody. The neck is narrower than the body, and is lined with 



2 F 



FIG. 375. From a vertical section through the 

 mucous membrane of the cardiac end of 

 stomach. Two glands are shown with a duct 

 common to both, a, duct with columnar 

 epithelium becoming shorter as the cells are 

 traced downward ; n, neck of gland tubes, 

 with central and parietal cells ; &, fundus 

 with curved caecal extremity the parietal 

 cells are not so numerous here. (Klein and 

 Noble Smith.) 



