758 



VOICE AND SPEECH 



[CH. LV. 



rushing of the air through the aperture being heard at the same 

 time. 



No true vocal sound is produced at the posterior part of the 



FIG. 558. 



A, 



Three laryngoscopic views of the superior aperture of the larynx and surrounding parts. 

 The glottis during the emission of a high note in singing ; 13, in easy and quiet inhalation of air ; C, 

 in the state of widest possible dilatation, as in inhaling a very deep breath. The diagrams A', B', and 

 C', show in horizontal sections of the glottis the position of the vocal cords and arytenoid cartilages 

 in the three several states represented in the other figures. In all the figures so far as marked, the 

 letters indicate the parts as follows, viz. : I, the base of the tongue ; e, the upper free part of the 

 epiglottis ; e', the tubercle or cushion of the epiglottis ; ph, part of the anterior wall of the 

 pharynx behind the larynx ; in the margin of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold, w, the swelling of the 

 membrane caused by the cartilages of Wrisberg ; s, that of the cartilages of Santorini ; a, the tip or 

 summit of the arytenoid cartilages ; c v, the true vocal cords or lips of the rima glottidis ; c v s, the 

 superior or false vocal cords ; between them the ventricle of the larynx ; in C, tr is placed on the 

 anterior wall of the receding trachea, and b indicates the commencement of the two bronchi beyond 

 the bifurcation which may be brought into view in this state of extreme dilatation. (Quain, after 

 Czermak.) 



aperture of the glottis, that, viz., which is formed by the space 

 between the arytenoid cartilages. 



The Voice. 



The human musical instrument is often compared to a reed organ- 

 pipe : certainly the notes produced by such pipes in the vox humana 

 stop of organs is very like the human voice. Here there is not only 

 the vibration of a column of air, but also of a reed, which corre- 



