88 APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY 



Notice the thin fanlike mesentery, holding the coil of intestine in 

 place. Notice the blood tubes running across it. Open the intestine 

 for a few inches to show the folds of the valvulae conniventes. 



44. The villi are too soft and too small to be seen without a specially 

 prepared specimen. A magnifying power of 50 will show them. 



Examine also a specimen of the liver, using at first a power of 100 

 diameters. Notice the capillaries converging toward central veins. 

 The bile ducts are too fine to be seen. 



Next use a power of 400 diameters, and examine the cells carefully. 

 Notice their large size, and that they sometimes have more than one 

 nucleus. Make a sketch of a villus and of the liver cells. 



45. Pour some oil into a bottle of water. Shake well, and notice 

 that the two cannot be made to mix. Now add a small pinch of pancrea- 

 tine. Shake once more, and notice that the oil now forms an emulsion 

 with the water. 



Explain that the pancreatine contains the ferment of the pancreatic 

 juice, and that it has the same action outside the body that it does 

 inside. 



46. Make a little starch paste. While it is warm stir in a small 

 pinch of pancreatine. In a few minutes the paste becomes fluid from 

 the conversion of starch to sugar. 



47. Procure some bile. That from a chicken's gall bladder will do. 

 Pour some into a bottle with oil and water, and notice that it forms an 

 emulsion. 



REVIEW TOPICS 



1. Describe the intestine and its various divisions the 



small and the large intestine, the caecum, the vermi- 

 form appendix, the colon, the mesentery, and the 

 omentum. 



2. Describe the pancreas. 



3. Describe the liver. 



4. Describe the bile and its uses. 



5. Describe the pancreatic juice and its three ferments, 



and their uses. 



6. Describe the intestinal juice and its use. 



7. Describe the peristalsis of the intestine. 



