THE LUNGS 2O5 



86. Show the class how to perform artificial respiration. Have a 

 boy lie upon a desk and go through the movements of carrying his 

 arms above his head and of pressing them against his side again. Do 

 not perform the movements too rapidly and do not press the arms too 

 far backward above the head. 



87. The pharynx and palate are puzzling parts to understand, but 

 are very simple when shown upon a small animal. With a sharp knife 

 and fine saw, divide the head and neck of a small animal through the 

 middle of the nose and backbone. Show that the hard palate and the 

 soft palate divide the nose from the mouth. Show that the pharynx 

 extends upward behind the nose and downward lower than the tongue. 

 Show the position of the tonsils and where adenoid vegetations form. 



88. Cilia can be shown with cells from a frog's mouth. Gently 

 scrape its roof, removing a drop of slime with some of the epithelial 

 cells. Examine it with the high power of the microscope. The cilia 

 will appear as a fringe in rapid motion. (See demonstration 35.) 



REVIEW TOPICS 



1. Define respiration and state its object 



2. Describe the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, 



cilia, air sacs, lungs, and pleura. 



3. Describe adenoid vegetations and their effects. 



4. Give the evil effects of mouth breathing. 



5. Describe the chest, ribs, and diaphragm. 



6. Describe inspiration and expiration. 



7. Give the amount of air used in ordinary and in forced 



breathing. 



8. Give the action of the cilia. 



9. Give the rate of breathing, and its variation in laugh- 



ing, sobbing, coughing, hiccoughing, sneezing, gap- 

 ing, sighing, and snoring. 



10. Describe the sounds produced by breathing. 



n. Describe abdominal and thoracic breathing. 



12. Give the effects of tight lacing. 



13. Describe the respiratory center and its action. 



