456 GLOSSARY 



Valv'u-lae con-ni-ven'tes (Lat. valvulae, little sliding doors, and conni- 

 ventes, winking), deep puckers in the mucous membrane of the 

 small intestine. 



Var'i-cose veins (Lat. varix, an enlarged vein), distended and enlarged 

 veins. 



Vas-o-mo'tor nerves (Lat. vasa, a vessel, and motor, pertaining to 

 motion), nerves which produce either contraction or dilatation of the 

 arteries. 



Vein (vane) (Lat. vena, a vein), a tube which carries blood back to 

 the heart. 



Ven-ti-la'tion (Lat. ventilare, to winnow), changing the air of a room. 



Ven'tri-cle (Lat. ventriculus, stomach), one of the large, thick-walled 

 cavities of the heart. 



Ven-triTo-quism (Lat. venter, the abdomen, and loqui, to speak), 

 speaking so that the voice seems to come from a distance away 

 from the speaker. 



Ver'mi-form ap-pen'dix (Lat. vermis, worm, appendix, something 

 added), the closed tube, shaped like an earthworm, which projects 

 from the beginning of the large intestine. In some of the lower 

 animals, as in the hen, it is as large as the other part of the intes- 

 tine, but in man is only about two inches in length and one eighth 

 inch in diameter. 



Ver'te-bra (Lat. vertebra), a joint of the backbone. 



Vest'i-bule (Lat. vestibulum, a porch or entrance), the cavity of the 

 internal ear from which the cochlea and semicircular canals extend. 



Vil'lus (Lat. villus, a tuft of hair), one of the minute slender projections 

 upon the inner surface of the intestine. 



Vin'e-gar, a sour liquid made from wine or cider by the oxidation of its 

 alcohol to acetic acid, of which it contains from two to four per cent. 



Vit're-ous hu'mor (Lat. vitrum, glass), the jelly-like fluid which fills 

 the eyeball behind the lens. 



X rays, a form of radiant energy discovered by Roentgen in 1895. It 

 penetrates wood, flesh, and many other substances which are opaque 

 to sunlight. 



Yeast, a collection of single-celled plants, whose growth changes sugar 

 to alcohol and carbonic acid gas. The ager<l which causes bread to 

 become light. 



