ADDITIONS AND NOTES TO VOL. II. 499 



although the quantity of salts in the saliva was somewhat aug- 

 mented thereby. 



(2) Addition to p. 31, line 11 from the bottom. The more 

 recent carefully conducted experiments of Bidder and Schmidt* 

 have, however, shown that the parotid secretion does not contribute 

 to the action of the mixed saliva. Parotid saliva and buccal mucus 

 do not metamorphose starch, although this effect is rapidly pro- 

 duced by the secretion of the submaxillary glands and the buccai 

 mucus. These enquirers arrived at the same result, namely, that the 

 starch-ferment is only developed by the union of the buccal mucus 

 with the submaxillary saliva, by tying the ducts of the different 

 salivary (the parotid and the submaxillary) glands in dogs. 



(3) Addition to p. 36, line 15. Bidder and Schmidt, under 

 whose superintendence the experiments of Jacubowitsch were insti- 

 tuted, have convinced themselves by later experiments, that the 

 saliva loses its action on starch in the stomach of the living animal. 

 They introduced boiled starch under the most varied conditions, 

 into the stomachs of dogs through gastric fistulas, and found that 

 after two hours 5 retention in the stomach, at most only mere traces 

 of sugar could be detected, while externally to the organism this 

 metamorphosis always occurred, even when an excess of gastric 

 juice was added. This perfect suspension of the action of the saliva 

 on starch within the stomach cannot be sufficiently explained either 

 by the comparatively short retention of the starch in the stomach, 

 or by the assumption that the salivary diastase is digested by the 

 gastric juice. For on the one hand the amylacea generally remain 

 a sufficiently long time in the stomach to undergo metamorphosis, 

 and, on the other hand, the gastric juice would also digest the sali- 

 vary diastase externally to the organism, which is not the case. 

 These results of Bidder and Schmidt may be to a certain degree 

 explained by the assumption, that in these experiments (in which 

 starch was introduced through a fistula, or in the form of very moist 

 starch-paste, through the mouth) only little saliva flowed into 

 the stomach, where it became too much diluted by the gastric 

 juice. 



We are, consequently, led by the earlier observations of Ber- 

 nard, as well as by the more recent investigations of Bidder and 

 Schmidt, to the conclusion, that notwithstanding its energetic 

 action on starch, and notwithstanding its abundant supply, the 

 * Die Verdauungssafte und der Stoffwcchsel. 8. 21. 



2 K2 



