506 APPENDIX. 



Nasse,* who made very numerous observations upon a single 

 dog, obtained rather a higher mean number for the amount of bile 

 than Bidder and Schmidt, who made numerous experiments on 

 different dogs; there being, according to Nasse, 21-025 grammes 

 of fresh bile, containing 0*746 of a gramme of solid constituents, 

 secreted in 24 hours for each kilogramme's weight of the animal. 



Experiments made on dogs led to precisely the same results as 

 those upon cats [mentioned in vol. ii, p. 79] 5 the secretion reaching 

 its maximum between the thirteenth and a half and the fifteenth 

 and a half hour after the last meal. Greater fluctuations were, how- 

 ever, observed in the gradual augmentation of the biliary secretion 

 in dogs than in cats. 



The circumstance that the quantity of secreted bile, after 

 attaining its maximum in the fifteenth hour after the last meal 

 sinks with extraordinary rapidity, and even below the number 

 which expresses the biliary secretion in the first hour after taking 

 food, was confirmed by Bidder and Schmidt in their still more 

 numerous experiments on dogs. 



The same observers have likewise convinced themselves that 

 when animals remain for a longer period than 24 hours without 

 food (48, 72, 168, or 240 hours), the biliary secretion continuously 

 diminishes, the daily diminution being, however, gradually less in 

 proportion to the time that has elapsed since food was last taken. 

 Thus, for instance, in cats, after 10 days' fasting, the biliary secre- 

 tion amounted to only the fourth part of the quantity yielded in 

 the 24 hours succeeding the last meal. 



It was repeatedly observed by Bidder and Schmidt, and the 

 observations have been confirmed by Nasse, that animals with 

 permanent biliary fistulse generally have a ravenous appetite. This 

 circumstance may assist us in determining the question, whether 

 the biliary secretion bears a definite proportion to the quantity of 

 food that is taken. The question has been decided in the affirma- 

 tive by the experiments of the first-named inquirers, and a series 

 of observations by Nasse also confirm this view. Thus, for 

 instance, Bidder and Schmidt found that when cats were over-fed, 

 the quantity of bile that was secreted exceeded by one-fifth the 

 quantity which is commonly secreted by a cat after a moderately 

 abundant meal. In these cases the augmented secretion of bile 

 was, moreover, accompanied by an augmentation of its solid 

 constituents. 



* Commentatio de bilis quotidie a cane secreta copia et indole. Progr. 

 Marburgense, 1851. 



