ADDITIONS AND NOTES TO VOL. II. 513 



kilogrammes) secreted 7'86 grammes in 8 hours and a quarter, there 

 being 1*614 grammes secreted in the first hour, while in the eighth 

 there was only 0*73 of a gramme. We must, however, observe 

 that the secretion was only collected from the lower and larger 

 duct, while the course of the fluid into the intestine through the 

 upper and smaller duct was not impeded. From these observations 

 on the dog, Bidder and Schmidt calculate that an adult man, 

 weighing 64 kilogrammes [or about 10 stone], secretes 150 grammes 

 in 24 hours. 



Ludwig and Weinmann found in a series of experiments, which 

 extended over 7 days, and included 37 observations, that a dog for 

 every kilogramme's weight secreted 35*184 grammes of pancreatic 

 fluid in 24 hours. The amount is, however, liable to considerable 

 variations ; prolonged hunger, vomiting, and operations on the 

 animal diminish the amount, while the ingestion either of solids or 

 fluids increases it. The quantity increases very rapidly after water 

 has been taken; in two experiments the secretion attained its 

 maximum in 12 or 13 minutes after drinking. 



(16) Addition to p. 115, line 3. Bidder and Schmidt have 

 likewise shown that the matter on which the sugar-forming power 

 of the pancreas depends, exists preformed in the fresh juice, and is 

 not, therefore, formed as in the saliva, by the mixture of different 

 fluids, and that it maintains its efficiency far below the temperature 

 of the animal body, and does not even lose this power of metamor- 

 phosis when it has remained for 24 hours at a temperature of 18, 

 while its action on starch is not affected either by the bile, the 

 gastric juice, or free acids. 



In order to institute a comparison between the amount of force 

 exerted on starch by the saliva and by the pancreatic juice, it would 

 be absolutely necessary to make an accurate quantitative deter- 

 mination of the amount of starch which may be metamorphosed by 

 equal quantities of the two kinds of juices; but, unfortunately, 

 determinations of this nature, however important they may be in 

 other respects, have not been successfully accomplished. We 

 believe, however, that we should no more over-estimate the 

 metamorphosing action of the pancreatic juice than that of the 

 saliva, for although the action of the pancreatic juice may be 

 somewhat stronger than that of the saliva, it is a striking fact, 

 that we generally find many unchanged, or at most merely 

 transversely contracted starch-globules in the excrements of 

 herbivorous and even of ruminating animals (even when they 



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