Experiments and their Verification 139 



This mare, therefore, whose shoeing we have just considered, 

 trotted the trial around the turn under such an influence of a previous 

 shoeing. While the subject had always a habit of carrying off hind 

 forward excessively, the shoeing of Fig. 99, with its resulting ex- 

 tension of Fig. 101, shows the effect of the change from Fig. 98, 

 which latter was entirely faulty and caused the bad way of going 

 behind, as given in Fig. 100. 



With somewhat reversed extensions of hind feet in trials follow- 

 ing Fig. 99 and Fig. 96 as given in Figs. 97 and 101, it was found that 

 the turns were not so well taken. Hopping, tip-toeing and breaks were 

 more frequent when going at a 2.30 clip, or better. The shoeing of 

 Fig. 96 immediately preceded that of Fig. 95. The shoes of the former 

 were worn from July 5th to July I9th, and the shoes of the latter from 

 July 1 9th to August 9th. 



By the shortening of the heels of the off hind the supposed check 

 to extension is in a degree removed and we find the turn taken better 

 in part on that account. But again, the shortening of both hind by % 

 inch showed a greater separation of fore and hind extremities by over 

 5 inches, which in itself means a greater backward extension. 



Of course, the change in direction of fore by the different tilting 

 of bars has also something to do with the more even and better gait. 

 But the fact remains that off hind again assumed the greater extension 

 of hind feet, and this with the fact that near fore, in consequence, pre- 

 ceded slightly the off fore gave us the requirement of the preferable 

 extensions at the turn. In other words, the animal indicated that this 

 was the easiest way to take the turns and did it with an even movement 

 of legs. 



Elsewhere we saw that the various strides of each leg differ in 

 distances, although all the strides of the four legs must have a standard 

 or average length for that particular way of going. The differences 

 from the averages are the variations and as they fall short or exceed 

 the average they are either minus or plus with reference to that general 

 average. The total difference between the extreme points of such 

 variations may therefore be considered as indicative of the regularity 



