398 THE GAME BIRDS AND WILD FOWL 



Family ANATID.E. Genus FULIGULA. 



Subfamily FuLlQULINsE. 



TUFTED DUCK. 



FULIGULA CBISTATA (Leach). 



PLATE XXXVIII. 



Anas fuligula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 207 (1766). 



Fuligula cristata (Leach nee Gmel.), Macgill.Brit. B. v.p. 121 (1852) ; Dresser, B. Eur. vi. 

 p. 573, pi. 437 (1879); Seebohm.Hist. Brit.B. iii. p. 583 (1885) ; Yarrell, Brit. B. ed.4, 

 iv. p. 430 (1885) ; Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. pt. xiij. (1890) ; Dixon, Nests and Eggs 

 Brit. B. p. 240 (1893) ; Seebohm, Col. Fig. Eggs Brit. B. p. 47, pi. 13 (1896). 

 Fuligula fuligula (Linn.), Salvadori, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvii. p. 363 (1895); Sharpe, 

 Handb. B. Gt. Brit. iii. p. 12 (1896). 



Geographical distribution. British: The Tufted Duck is a fairly 

 common winter visitor to most of the low-lying coasts as well as to many of the 

 inland waters of the British area. It breeds locally throughout the British 

 Islands, and in numbers which are steadily increasing in many districts. British 

 breeding area : England : Nottinghamshire (Newstead, Clumber, Eainworth, 

 Welbeck, and Bufford), Norfolk, Sussex, Dorset, Devonshire, Hertfordshire, 

 Shropshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Northumberland. Scotland : Boxburgh- 

 shire, Perthshire, Kinross-shire, and Aberdeen shire. Ireland : Loughs Neagh 

 and Beg and in some parts of Co. Monaghan ; also, according to Mr. Ussher, in 

 Fermanagh, Boscommon, and Sligo, and probably on the lakes in Longford and 

 Westmeath. Foreign : Palsearctic region ; parts of Oriental region in winter. 

 It is said to breed sparingly in the Faroes and to have occurred in Greenland. 

 In Europe the regular breeding area of this species reaches little if any above the 

 Arctic circle, although the bird has been obtained in Scandinavia up to lat. 70. 

 Southwards it breeds in all suitable localities to about lat. 50. Eastwards its 

 regular breeding area scarcely reaches the Arctic circle in the west, although the 

 bird has been obtained in the valley of the Yenisei up to lat. 68 ; whilst on 

 the Pacific coast it drops down to lat. 62. It breeds throughout Southern 

 Siberia ; the Asiatic birds winter in Japan, China, and India, abnormal migrants 

 even reaching Malaysia and Polynesia. The European birds winter in South 

 Europe and Northern Africa as low as Abyssinia. 



Allied forms. Fuligula collaris, an inhabitant of the Nearctic region and 

 the New World representative of the Tufted Duck. A " British " species and 

 dealt with fully in the following chapter. Distinguished from the Tufted Duck by 

 its much shorter crest, chestnut collar, and pale grey instead of white speculum. 



