408 THE GAME BIEDS AND WILD FOWL 



Family ANATID.E. Genus CLANGULA. 



Subfamily FULIGULIN&. 



QOLDEN = EYE. 



CLANGULA GLAUCION (Linnceus). 



Anas clangula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 201 (1766). 



Anas glaucion, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 201 (1766). 



Clangula chrysophthalma, Stephens; Macgill. Brit. B. v. p. 174 (1852). 



Clangula glaucion (Linn.), Dresser, B. Eur. vi. p. 595, pi. 440 (1875) ; Yarrell, Brit. 



B. ed. 4, iv. p. 435 (1885) ; Dixon, Nests and Eggs Non-indig. Brit. B. p. 179 



(1894) ; Salvadori, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvii. p. 376 (1895). 

 Fuligula clangula (Linn.), Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 590 (1885) ; Lilford, Col. 



Fig. Brit. B. pt. xi. (1889) ; Seebohm, Col. Fig. Eggs Brit. B. p. 48, pi. 13 (1896). 

 Clangula clangula (Linn.), Sharpe, Handb. B. Gt. Brit. iii. p. 20 (1896). 



Geographical distribution British: The Golden-eye is a common 

 winter visitor to the coasts and inland waters of the British Islands, including 

 the Orkneys and Shetlands, but in the Outer Hebrides it is perhaps less numerous. 

 It is equally common in Ireland, both inland and on the coast. The statement 

 that this bird has bred in a hollow tree in Sutherlandshire is still unconfirmed, 

 as is also Saxby's opinion that it bred in the Shetlands. Foreign : Northern 

 Palaearctic and Nearctic regions, more southerly in winter ; small portion of the 

 Oiiental region in winter. The Golden-eye is rare in the Faroes, and has been only 

 recently proved to inhabit Iceland. It breeds throughout the Arctic and Subarctic 

 regions of Europe and Asia as far north as the limit of forest growth. In Europe 

 it breeds as far south as Northern Germany, Pomerania, and the Caucasus ; in 

 Asia it does so throughout Siberia, south of the limits already given. During 

 winter it visits the coasts of Western Europe and the basin of the Mediterranean, 

 but is very rare on the southern shores. The basins of the Black and Caspian 

 Seas are also winter quarters of this species. The birds breeding in Siberia 

 pass Mongolia on migration (although those inhabiting the Baikal basin arc 

 said to be resident, and many remain to winter in Mongolia), and spend the 

 cold season in Turkestan, Upper India, China and Japan. In the Nearctic 

 region it breeds in British North America and Alaska, up to the limit of forest 

 growth and winters in the Southern States, Mexico, and parts of the West 

 Indies. 



