DOMESTICATED RACES 



*7 



the bear that he hunted or the turkey that our Puritan fore- 

 father tamed. When Demosthenes was developing his oratory, 

 and Alexander and Caesar were extending their dominions, the 

 Six Nations had probably not yet made the beginning of what 

 in time would undoubtedly have developed into an Indian civ- 

 ilization, had it not been interrupted and finally destroyed by 

 European discovery and invasion. 



Within the recollection of men now living the Sandwich 

 Islanders were savages. Head-hunters and cannibals are not 

 quite extinct in the Pacific Islands, while in Africa men are 

 yet hunted like wild animals by their savage neighbors. Thus 

 savagery lingered even until our own time. 



So it is that civilization is constantly springing up from new 

 centers, giving us the opportunity of studying the methods of 

 its beginning ; and so it is that the ways of primitive man are 

 well known and are made a part, not of our imagination, but of 

 authentic history. So it is that we arrive at conclusions not only 

 by inference and through relics of ancient peoples, but by actual 

 observation of what men do in the primitive state, — of the real 

 behavior of many and widely separated races that have for one 

 reason or another been belated in their start towards civilization. 

 In this way we are able to study the methods of domestication 

 at first-hand. 



How the history of domestication is known. In the case of 

 all these peoples, however savage, some start has been made 

 toward domesticating at least a few wild animals, and it is by 

 putting together fragments such as these and adding the facts 

 of recorded history that the story of domestication may be 

 written almost if not quite from the beginning. 



Even little matters throw great light upon such a history. 

 For example, the bones of animals that were hunted for food 

 during the stone age are left behind in great heaps, called 

 " kitchen middens," 1 while the bones of domesticated animals 



1 Especially numerous in western Europe. Most of these long bones have 

 been split to get at the marrow. 



