THE OFFICE OF SENESCHAL 113 



another than himself. Each waggoner shall sleep every 

 night with his horses, and keep such guard as he shall wish 

 to answer for without damage ; and so shall the oxherds 

 sleep in the same way with their oxen. 



The office of cowherd. 



The cowherd ought to be skilful, knowing his business 

 and keeping his cows well, and foster the calves well from 

 time of weaning. And he must see that he has fine bulls 

 and large and of good breed pastured with the cows, to mate 

 when they will. And that no cow be milked or suckle her 

 calf after Michaelmas, to make cheese of rewain ; for this 

 milking and this rewain make the cows lose flesh and 

 become weak, and will make them mate later another year, 

 and the milk is better and the cow poorer. And he ought 

 to see that the avers be well supplied with forage, and well 

 kept in winter and summer, as he shall wish to answer, and 

 that no cow or aver be flayn before his superior has seen it 

 and known by what default it died. And no fire or candle 

 shall be carried into the cowhouse, except in the manner 

 aforesaid. And every year, from each vaccary, cause the 

 old cows with bad teeth, and the barren, and the draft of 

 the young avers that do not grow well to be sorted out that 

 they may be sold in the way aforesaid. And every night 

 the cowherd shall put the cows and other beasts in the fold 

 during the season, and let the fold be well strewed with 

 litter or fern, as is said above, and he himself shall lie 

 each night with his cows. 



The office of swineherd. 



The swineherd ought to be on those manors where 

 swine can be sustained and kept in the forest, or in woods, 

 or waste, or in marshes, without sustenance from the 

 grange ; and if the swine can be kept with little sustenance 

 from the grange during hard frost, then must a pigsty be 



