44 PAPPATACI FEVER [CH. 



Head and thorax yellowish-brown, abdomen brown with darker glistening 

 hairs ; femora yellow with brown tip ; tibiae and tarsi brown with silver 

 sheen. Greatest breadth of wing one-third its length ; greatest length of 

 second marginal cell a little more than one-fourth the length of the wing. 

 Batavia. perlurbans, Meijere. 



American species. 



Yellow, mesonotum brown ; legs appear brown in certain lights but are 

 covered with white tomentum ; second marginal ceil slightly more than twice 

 the length of its petiole. North America. vexator, Coquillet. 



Resembling vexator, except that the hairs are mostly yellow, and the second 

 marginal cell is about thrice the length of its petiole. Guatemala. 



cruciatus, Coquillet . 



In female length of head with proboscis, half that of the rest of the body. 

 Wing venation resembling that of malabaricus. In the male greatest length 

 of wing 3^ times the greatest breadth. Wings bluntly pointed ; hind border 

 not much more strongly arched than the front. Length of second marginal 

 cell three-eighths that of the wing ; third marginal, six-elevenths the length, 

 Halteres long and large. Brazil and Peru. rostrans, Summers. 



Dorsal surface of abdomen with numerous scales between the hairs. 

 Palp index 4, 5, 3, 2. Length of body 2 mm. Para. 



squamiventris, Lutz and Neiva. 



Dorsal surface of abdomen without scales. Last segment of palps longer 

 than the others ; palp index 4, 2, 3, 5. Length of body about 2 mm. St Paul 

 and Minas. longipalpis, Lutz and Neiva. 



Dorsal surface of abdomen without scales. General colour brownish- 

 yellow, the upperside darker. Palp index 5, 4, 3, 2. 



intermedius, Lutz and Neiva. 



CHAPTER VI 



DISEASES CARRIED BY PHLEBOTOMUS 



Pappataci Fever. 



Synonyms. Sand-Fly Fever ; Three-Day Fever ; Phle- 

 botomus Fever ; Simple Continued Fever ; Pink Eye ; Som- 

 merfieber ; Hundskrankheit ; Sommerinfluenza ; Soldaten- 

 fieber ; Endemischer Magencatarrh ; Febbre dei tre Giorni ; 

 Mai della secca; Febbre estiva; Chitral Fever; Fievre de Toga. 



History. This malady seems to have been known for many 

 years in both Italy and India, but was first recognized as a 

 definite disease by Pick in 1886. Taussig, in 1905, noticed that 

 it was connected with the sand-fly and later, in 1908, the 



