142 MOSQUITOES AND MALARIA [CH. 



in the spread of malaria in Algeria and Palestine. It is also 

 the chief agent in North America. 



In Algeria, besides A . maculipennis, the species incriminated 

 are : Anopheles algeriensis (Ed. and Et. Sergent, 1905), especi- 

 ally occurring in the coast regions ; A. hispaniola (Sergents, 

 1905), found chiefly in the hilly broken country; A. (Pyreto- 

 phorus) myzomyfacies (Ed. Sergent) ; A. (P.) superpictus and 

 A. (P.) chaudoyei. A. chaudoyei is capable of breeding freely 

 in saline waters and is the species chiefly concerned in malarial 

 transmission in the Saharan oases. 



In Egypt, A. (Cellia) pharoensis is a proved and important 

 carrier. 



Anopheles funesta and A. costalis have both been shewn by 

 Ross to transmit the infection, and are the most important 

 and widely distributed carriers of malaria in Tropical Africa. 



In India, Stephens and Christophers shewed that A. (My- 

 zomyia) listoni is a very actively transmitting agent in the Duars 

 or terai country at the foot of the Eastern Himalayas. A more 

 general, and perhaps the commonest Indian transmitter is A. 

 (Myzomyia) culicifacies. A. fuliginosus Giles has also been 

 shewn to transmit the disease, but apparently is not a very 

 important carrier. A. maculipalpis has been found infected 

 in nature in various parts of India. Amongst the most impor- 

 tant and active Indian carriers are A . (Nyssorhynchus) stephensi 

 and A. (N.) willmori. 



In Malay, in addition to M. listoni, the proved carriers in 

 nature are A. (Myzomyia) albirostris, A. (Myzomyia) ludlowi, 

 and A. (Nyssorhynchus} willmori. 



In Central America a number of species are active carriers, 

 the most important being A. (Cellia) argyrotarsis and A. (C.) 

 albimana. 



In addition there are numbers of species very probably 

 concerned in malaria transmission, perhaps even important 

 carriers in particular parts of the world, e.g. A . formosaensis in 

 the island of Formosa ; A . arabiensis in the Aden hinterland ; 

 A . (Myzomyia) lutzi in the forests of Brazil ; and A . (Nys- 

 sorhynchus) annulipes in Formosa, Australia, etc. 



