XVI] BIONOMICS 287 



Distribution. G. longipennis seems to be restricted to the 

 north east corner of Africa for it has only been recorded from 

 Somaliland and British East Africa. It probably also occurs 

 in Southern Abyssinia. 



Bionomics. Dr P. H. Ross states that the present species is 

 found all the year round in the same haunts as G. brevipalpis. 

 It is most easily caught after 4 p.m. resting on the red soil of 

 paths or caravan tracks, and seems to resemble G. brevipalpis 

 in its feeding habits. G. longipennis is attracted by lights at 

 night and is probably the commonest tsetse-fly caught in the 

 railway carriages. On one occasion for a night and a day the 

 station master's house at Kenani was occupied by these flies 

 in such numbers that during the night the lamps were extin- 

 guished, and Ross suggests that this may be an instance 

 of migration. Incidentally it may be mentioned that Peel, 

 who captured this species in West Somaliland, found that it 

 occurred in a definite fly-belt extending from Biermuddo to 

 Boholo Deno. Trie species seems to be independent of water and 

 most active in a dry atmosphere. Brumpt found that in Somali- 

 land it generally fed at night, attacking both man and animals. 



G. LONGIPENNIS and Disease. 



Brumpt is of the opinion that Aino, a cattle disease of 

 Somaliland caused by a trypanosome probably identical with 

 T. brucei, is transmitted by G. longipennis, and brings forward 

 evidence in support of his hypothesis. Dr P. H. Ross is the 

 only one who has succeeded in obtaining any experimental 

 proof of the disease-transmitting capabilities of this species. 

 A large number of freshly caught flies from the neighbourhood 

 of Kenani were kept in an incubator at 25 C. The flies were 

 then fed on a monkey between 5th December, 1912, and 

 January nth, 1913, the animal being bitten 577 times. Try- 

 panosomes were found in its blood on January I3th and the 

 author for the present would class them in the T. dimorphon 

 group. 



REFERENCES. 



Austen, E. (1911). Handbook of the Tsetse-flies. 

 Brumpt, E. (1902). Arch, de Parasitologie, vol. v. p. 158. 

 Ross, P. H. (1904-10). Nairobi Laboratory Reports, vol. i. also Tropical 

 Diseases Bulletin, 1913, vol. I. p. 505. 



